While internal derangements of the knee often dominate the surgeon’s evaluation, musculotendinous abnormalities about the knee can be important pain generators. Musculotendinous injuries in the knee region have specific implications for treatment and prognosis and can account for unexpected diagnoses that...
There are clear sex-based differences in tendon morphology, physiology and mechanical properties [1]. Female individuals display a lower level of tendon adaptability to loading than male individuals, as well as lower tendon stiffness and a smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) [1]. Physiologically, ...
Rasping the bearing edge of the hoof wall in the toe area and using shoes with heel wedges to increase hoof angle will be helpful. Although hoof angle in a young horse is greater, it should decrease to the normal 50 degrees by about a year of age as the horse reaches near-mature weig...
Below the knee cap, on the inside of the knee, are the attachments of three tendons: semimembranous, semitendinosus, and gracilis. Together, these tendons create the pes anserinus area. I remember coming across a classic pes anserinus case while on rounds as a new doctor in the hospital. ...
repetitive use tendinopathies, excessive proliferation of paratendon and endotendon contributes to a loss of normal tendon structure, with an expansion of neurovascular tissue and MCs. Thus, tendinopathic tendon is typically characterized as thickened (increased cross-sectional area) with inferior mecha...
the middle of the cannon bone region which extends from beneath the structures of the knee to the fetlock joint below. The injury can be performance limiting and can result in the end of the horse's career. The damage may occur from a single incident or may develop over a period of ...
causing the tarsal bones to form improperly3. Other possible causes of tarsal coalition include infection, inflammatory joint diseases such as arthritis and previous trauma in the affected area3. Reduced active range of motion in the involved segments is another sign or symptom associated with this ...
Under spinal anesthesia the patient is positioned supine and a thigh tourniquet is placed mainly for security reasons (the procedure could be performed without inflating it). Using a distal foot stop and a lateral support, the knee is retained in 90° of flexion (Fig 1A), allowing varus or ...
The tendons of the ankle may be divided into four compartments: anterior, medial, posterior, and lateral. The anterior compartment includes the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus tendons; an accessory peroneus tert
In: Hayashi K, Kamiya A, Ono K, editors. Biomechanics ± Functional Adapta- tion and Remodeling. Tokyo: Springer, 1996:185±212.͓12͔ Hayashi, K., Yamamoto, N., and Yasuda, K., 1996, ``Response of Knee Joint Tendons and Ligaments to Mechanical Stress,'' Biomechanics-Functional Ad...