The substorm onset was at around 20:45 UT when the aurora suddenly inten- sified and expanded poleward, after which the whole sky was covered with the auroral arcs. In addition, one can observe that there are several auroral streamers moving equatorward from the poleward edge of the ...
This leads to phenomena such as high-energy particle precipitation, aurora, and ‘convective’ motion (Kelley 2009). At low latitudes, the magnetic field lines are oriented horizontally, allowing rapid transport between hemispheres. Combined with the presence of a diurnally varying dawn-to-dusk ...
At high latitudes, magnetic field lines are oriented vertically and extend far into the magnetosphere or are directly connected to the IMF. This leads to phenomena such as high-energy particle precipitation, aurora, and ‘convective’ motion (Kelley2009). At low latitudes, the magnetic field lines...