implications of the spurious retransmission are modest: (1) an extra SYN is transmitted into the network, and (2) according to RFC 5681 [APB09] the initial congestion window will be limited to 1 segment. While (2) clearly puts such connections at a disadvantage, this document at least rese...
This document adds the observation that susceptibility to attack is directly proportional to the square of bandwidth, due to the coupling between the linear increase in receive window size and linear increase in rate of a potential attack, as well as comparing the variety of more recent proposals,...
Modern implementations of TCP contain four intertwined algorithms: slow-start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery. In addition, senders employ a retransmission timer that is based on the estimated round-trip time (RTT) between the sender and receiver, as well as the variance ...
successfully at the receiver. The sender will receive only two duplicate ACKs and therefore must rely on the retransmission timer (RTO) to detect the loss. When the RTO expires, segment N is retransmitted. The ACK sent in response to the retransmission will be for segment N+2. However, this...
This document defines the standard algorithm that Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) senders are required to use to compute and manage their retransmission timer. It expands on the discussion in Section 4.2.3.1 ofand upgrades the requirement of supporting the algorithm from a SHOULD to a MUST. Th...
When F-RTO has detected that a TCP retransmission timeout was spurious (i.e., the timeout would have been avoided had TCP set a longer retransmission timeout), TCP has several options concerning what to do next. Possible values are: 0 Rate halving based; a smooth and conservative respons...
UsesRetransmissionTimeout(RTO)toavoid congestion SelectionofRTOvalue Case(i):Iftoolowspuriousretransmissions occurs Case(ii):Iftoohigh,flowswillwait unnecessarilylong 5 TCPCongestionControl(cntd’) Tosolvethefirstcase,timeoutvalue shouldbeatleast1sec.(suggested andverifiedbyAllmanandPaxson) Forthesecondcase...
Using the TCP Echo Option for Spurious Retransmission Detection The Spurious Retransmission Detection (SRD) algorithm allows a TCPsender to always detect if it has entered loss recovery unnecessarily.It requires that both the TCP Echo option defined in [I-D.zimmermann-tcpm-echo-option], and the ...
For the network-layer protocols, we only consider the Internet Protocol and its IP address header fields because our model mainly focuses on the application and transport layers and additionally only captures the IP-spoofing attack. 2. Some protocol header fields (e.g., port numbers, checksums,...
outstanding to avoid the duplicate ACK spoofing attack described in [SCWA99]. The restart window has been changed to min(IW,cwnd) from IW. This behavior was described as "experimental" in [RFC2581]. It is now recommended that TCP implementors implement an advanced ...