double taxes. For example, a company may be subject to taxes in its country of residence and also in the countries where it earns income through foreign investments for the provision of goods and services.
We could alternatively use a common discount of the capital gains tax. The Congressional Budget Office finds that, in the USA, about 38% of all capital gains are realized in a given period, so that the actual capital-gains tax would be 38% of the statutory tax rate. As yet another alte...
θi represents the preferred position of i over non-fiscal policies and is compared 6 to θQ, the position of the politician which can either be, the government in office in the election year G or the challenger C. The present expected discounted utility of individual i in period 1, with...
A study evaluated four cash transfer schemes involving different identification procedures to target the poorest households in the Philippines and compensate them for the burden of removed reduced tax rates on fuels [17]. Their findings show that although all four alternative transfer schemes are more...
The mechanisms of fiscal and taxation policies were established which included R&D funding, investment aid, insurance solution, grants, contingent grant, guarantee for commercial loans, loan with redemption grant etc to lay the base for a geothermal market development in The Philippines [25,26], ...