” The endemic problems plaguing aggregate time-series analysis are first, a change in tax rates is likely endogenous, meaning in response to somemacroeconomicfactors that could also affect investment, and second, it is difficult to control for the effect of contemporaneous non-tax shocks on ...
In particular, he examines various administrative materials created by the IRS that, despite not being formal law, assign meaning to codified tax law, and he investigates the impact of various judge-made doctrines that apply alongside codified tax law. His current research includes investigating the...
Chris and Taylor earn $30,000 from part-time consulting—a pursuit I highly encourage for semi-retirees or retirees to stay mentally active and engaged with society. This ordinary income is fully offset by their $30,000 standard deduction, meaning they pay 0% federal tax on their consulting ...
For the precise meaning of the term tax avoidance, see footnote 3, Chapter 1. 95. Bulletin of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Athens, February 1976, 2, p. 12. 96. Ibid., p. 12. 97. Ibid., pp. 12–13. 98. Bulletin of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Athens, Se...
‘source code on which software is based may also be described … as a plan’ (at [105]) and ‘the ordinary meaning of “design” is also apt to embrace computer software’ (at [106]). Referring to the 9 categories of IT services mentioned above, the Court found that payments related...
Among them were the service of the nine whites, the herd of the Manchurian king, the service of animal husbandry, Yo, the service of military 1 Meaning an arrow. 118 O. Dorjpalam et al. Taxes of payment in money, livestock and property Taxes during the Manchurian period Taxes of ...
The Tax Complexity Index – A Survey-Based Country Measure of Tax Code and Framework Complexity Thomas Hoppe, Deborah Schanz, Susann Sturm & Caren Sureth-Sloane Pages 239-273 | Received 07 Sep 2020, Accepted 14 Jun 2021, Published online: 30 Jul 2021 Cite this article https://doi.org/10...
We provide a brief explanation of the incoterms, their meaning, and the values of our variable INCO in Table 1 Panel A.10 Table 1. Incoterms. Panel A: Definition of Incoterms Empty Cell IncotermFull NameExplanationValue variable INCO EXW Ex Works All costs and risks of transport from ...
HAVEN inversion is an indicator variable equal to 1 if the firm is an “inversion” firm, meaning that the firm is incorporated in a tax haven in year t and has data for at least two years pre and post tax haven incorporation, zero otherwise. Post is an indicator equal to 1 if HAVEN...
with a non-US incorporation code, or not within a six-year window of a loan issuance (i.e., t−3 to t + 2). This process leaves 39,027 firm-years.Further requiring that data be matched to 13-F data produces a full sample of 24,481 firm-years from 1993 to 2017 that lie...