The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system transports folded proteins across bacterial and plastid energy transducing membranes. Ion leaks are generally considered to be mitigated by the creation and destruction of the translocation conduit in a cargo-
Full size image Palmitoylation enables Tat accumulation at the plasma membrane We then assessed the effect of Tat palmitoylation on the plasma membrane recruitment of incoming Tat. To this end cells were labeled with recombinant Tat at 4 °C before washing and chasing at 37 °C. Under these...
These changes in chromatin conformation allow full transcription of HIV messenger RNA (mRNA) and genomic RNA and subsequent release of infectious virions. HIV Tat has also been suggested to function as a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) [16–19], interacting with Dicer [...
These changes in chromatin conformation allow full transcription of HIV messenger RNA (mRNA) and genomic RNA and subsequent release of infectious virions. HIV Tat has also been suggested to function as a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) [16–19], interacting with Dicer [...
Full size image Dephosphorylation of CDK9 by PP2A prevents formation of P-TEFb/Tat/TAR RNA complex in vitro We next analyzed whether dephosphorylation of CDK9 by PP2A or by PP1 has an effect on formation of a complex between recombinant P-TEFb, HIV-1 Tat and TAR RNA. We utilized a biot...
230 VEGFR2 and αvβ3 Recruitment and Cross-Talk at the Basal Aspect of HIV-1 Tat-Adherent Endothelial Cells Drives pp60src/ERK1/2 Activation, Cytoskeleton Organization and Pro-angiogenic ActivationHumansTetrahydrocannabinolReagent Kits, Diagnostic...
An N-terminal 86 amino acid form of Tat produced in a few laboratory-passaged virus strains is frequently used to study Tat. This potent activator of HIV gene expression is essential for the synthesis of full-length transcripts of the integrated viral genome by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) (...
No X-ray crystallography structural studies of a full length Tat have been performed, but four NMR studies of Tat variants with two exons have been reported (Figure3). The first NMR structural study was performed under reducing conditions using an 86-residue Tat Z2 variant in the presence of...
1998). This finding suggests that the phosphorylation of the CTD occurs via RNA in this system. To determine whether CIITA can activate transcription via RNA, we linked the full-length CIITA or its N-terminal 322 and C-terminal 808 residues to Rev [RevCIITA or mutant RevCIITA(1–322) and...
It is believed that Tat activates the processivity of elongation by recruitment of a pre-formed complex containing Tat-Stimulatory Factor and a kinase to the HIV-1 promoter through a Tat-TAR interaction. The mRNA transcript is about 3.0 kb in length, with an open reading frame of 2271 bp....