In the present study, we used an in vivo human quasi-experimental design to derive a reasonable worst-case exposure scenario that may be applied in future risk assessments. As most of the potentially harmful tattoo ink ingredients cannot be used in human experimental exposure studies due to their...
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system transports folded proteins across bacterial and plastid energy transducing membranes. Ion leaks are generally considered to be mitigated by the creation and destruction of the translocation conduit in a cargo-
These changes in chromatin conformation allow full transcription of HIV messenger RNA (mRNA) and genomic RNA and subsequent release of infectious virions. HIV Tat has also been suggested to function as a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) [16–19], interacting with Dicer [...
plasma membrane FGF2 and membrane translocation HIV-Tat membrane recruitment and pore formation phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2 unconventional protein secretion Introduction The HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (HIV-Tat)2 is a small protein of 86–101 amino acids that is synthesized in the very early...
230 VEGFR2 and αvβ3 Recruitment and Cross-Talk at the Basal Aspect of HIV-1 Tat-Adherent Endothelial Cells Drives pp60src/ERK1/2 Activation, Cytoskeleton Organization and Pro-angiogenic ActivationHumansTetrahydrocannabinolReagent Kits, Diagnostic...
In full agreement with the SDS-sensitivity measurements, the chain formation phenotype was only observed in those strains that were also SDS-sensitive (Fig. 2B). The strain with the A+3/B+3 combination, which had reduced but not abolished SDS resistance, showed no chain formation phenotype, ...
Synaptodendritic damage is a pathological hallmark of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, and HIV-1 Tat protein is known to cause such injury in the central nervous system. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of Tat-induced
elongation in response to recruitment of the P-TEFb subunit, CDK9 [21]. Even in the context of a heterologous thymidine kinase herpes simplex promoter where Tat is recruited via DNA elements, the HIV TATA box region was required for optimal Tattrans-activation [17]. Sequences flanking the ...
No X-ray crystallography structural studies of a full length Tat have been performed, but four NMR studies of Tat variants with two exons have been reported (Figure3). The first NMR structural study was performed under reducing conditions using an 86-residue Tat Z2 variant in the presence of...
1998). This finding suggests that the phosphorylation of the CTD occurs via RNA in this system. To determine whether CIITA can activate transcription via RNA, we linked the full-length CIITA or its N-terminal 322 and C-terminal 808 residues to Rev [RevCIITA or mutant RevCIITA(1–322) and...