The hydrodynamic force experienced by the beam during its water-entry process depended on two key parameters: the flange width (b) and the entry velocity (v). Initially, the water tank had a still water depth of h/b = 1.75, corresponding to a water level of y/b = -0.75, while ...
the mid-height of the flange. Further loading did not yield a significant improvement in load-carrying capacity. The width of the macro-cracks in the web increased until a maximum load of 521 kN (117.1 kips). Due to the large flange width and the UHPC overlay, no compressive crushing was...
Cracks of the beam body are often located at the web position, as the bottom plate and flange plate of the beam body are not easy to crack. Crack (II) represents the crack in the middle or upper part of the beam that is far from the main rib, as shown in Figure 3a. After penetra...
The use of hot-rolled Universal beam and column sections in structures designed on the basis of simple plastic theory is at present restricted by limits to the flange width/thickness (B/T) ratio. The limits are based on an empirical formula,designed to avoid premature plastic buckling of the...