For simple models presented here the multisim model was far better if the statistical error in the MC samples was larger than an individual systematic error, while for the reverse case, the unisim model was better. Exact formulas and formulas for the simple toy models are presented so that ...
AspectSystematic ErrorRandom Error Definition Errors that consistently occur in the same direction each time a measurement is made, affecting the accuracy of measurements. Errors that vary in magnitude and direction, affecting the precision of measurements. Causes Caused by flaws in the measurement syste...
The resulting expected error, obtained from summing the two standard deviation in quadrature,105 is:(Equation 31)σtot2=Var+σm2. To derive the autocorrelation, combine its definition(Equation 32)AC(τ)=Cov(x(t)x(t+τ))Var(x(t))Var(x(t+τ))=e−k·|τ|fort→∞ (where indicates...
The Method of Morris (MOM) is similar to the more commonly used local sensitivity analysis (LSA) in that it only deviates one parameter at a time, however it conforms to GSA definition because the parameter value is started from different points in the possible input space multiple (\(r)\...
Finally, the methodology described has the benefit to keep a clear connection between the simple column sequences and all the alternatives predicted. This aspect helps the designer in the definition of columns' configuration parameters. 展开
Using this definition, there are 21 major PCLs. For each major PCL, we fed the samples treated with perturbagens of the class through the trained VAE encoder and took the average signature node values across samples as a vector representation of the PCL. As shown in Fig. 3b, different ...
follow-up time, number of participants and cases, participant’s gender, age at baseline, method of measuring 24-h urinary sodium excretion, assessment of exposure, outcome definition, covariates adjustment in the multivariate model, the indicator of effect estimates and other relevant characteristics...
While this technique may be very effective from a practical point of view, especially because surgeons are usually able to express the priority of each constraint, the definition of those weights may not be straightforward. The majority of the approaches define them empirically based on surgeons’ ...
Introduction In 2020, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) revised the definition of pain, which currently reads1: “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage.” This definition encapsulates...
Detailed definition of the macroscopic transmission coefficient can be found in the Method section. Imposing the boundary conditions dictated by Eq. (1), we can calculate the value of the impedance matrix at each point of the metasurface as $$Z_{11} = iZ_0{\kern 1pt} {\mathrm{cot}}\...