Introduction The discovery of place cells and grid cells underscored the importance of the hippocampal formation as a key neural substrate for spatial navigation1,2, fueling an intensive investigation of this brain region. Understanding spatial coding requires a model of the information flow in the un...
The purpose of this chapter is to set the stage for the volume by developing the theoretical basis of synaptic transmission and introducing the various neurotransmitters and their receptors involved in the process. The intent is to provide not only a historical context through which to understand ...
Liquid–liquid phase separation in neuronal development and synaptic signaling. Dev. Cell 55, 18–29 (2020). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Milovanovic, D., Wu, Y., Bian, X. & De Camilli, P. A liquid phase of synapsin and lipid vesicles. Science 361, 604–607 (2018). Article ...
A variety of scaffolding molecules forms the core of the PSD and connects the receptors at the surface with cytosolic signaling molecules and actin regulators [7]. Alterations in the levels of synaptic AMPARs underlie long-term changes in synaptic strength associated with LTP and LTD, and the ...
SMAD Signaling; TGF-β; Signaling Definition Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily of secreted polypeptide growth factors. These proteins regulate a wide variety of developmental processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, cell...
Recent studies have led to a better definition than previously available of how Ca2+ triggers exocytosis and how vesicles recycle. In particular, insight into how Munc18-1 collaborates with SNARE proteins in fusion, how the vesicular Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin 1 triggers fast release, and how ...
(as well as a few other key signaling proteins). This leads to the dissociation of AMPARs from their molecular scaffolds in the PSD and their lateral movement to endocytic zones on the periphery of the PSD, where they are endocytosed and potentially degraded. We have not discussed the ...
If the astrocyte is equipped to build an ERC in response to the coincident neuronal signaling, the resulting astrocytic ERC (aERC) is in a favorable position to develop highly reliable indication of the presence of the underlying object, more reliable than the ERCs in the participating neurons, ...
their replenishment requires newprotein synthesisin the cell body followed by packaging and transport to sites of release. Because of the slow kinetics of their release, the slow responsiveness of theirpostsynaptic receptors, and their inability to be locally recycled, these signaling molecules typically...
GIRK channels couple to CB1 receptors in expression systems (Guo & Ikeda, 2004; McAllister et al., 1999), and the long-lasting self-inhibition mediated by endocannabinoids in neocortical interneurons is thought to rely on the activation of CB1-GIRK signaling (Bacci et al., 2004). This ...