To know the symptoms of a cracked rib, first we need to know a little about the ribs and what causes a cracked or fractured rib. Ribs are classified into three categories according to their location inside the body. The three categories are: upper ribs, middle ribs and lower ribs. The u...
In turn, the bark of the cankers could be cracked, dark in colour, or slightly sunken (Figure S3C). Beneath the canker, the inner bark and wood were brown, sometimes with reddish hues, instead of the normal pale colour. When the branch was cut transversely at the level of the canker,...