The meaning of SYMPATHETIC CHAIN is either of the pair of ganglionated longitudinal cords of the sympathetic nervous system of which one is situated on each side of the spinal column —called also sympathetic trunk.
Both sides of the lumbar sympathetic chain are encased in connective tissue anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the vena cava and aorta. With the help of a dissection stereoscopic microscope, the ganglia of the lumbar sympathetic chain from the L2-L4 spinal levels of 12-week-old...
from which orbit-bound sympathetic fibers descend through the brainstem before entering the spinal cord to synapse in the ciliospinal center of Budge-Waller located at spinal levels C8-
ganglialie anterior to the articular pillars of C2. They have postganglionic fibers that innervate thevasculatureandmucous membranesof the head region, including the middle ear, thelacrimal glands, and pupils of the eyes. Their preganglioniccell bodiesemanate from the spinal cord at levels T1 to...
Rami communicantes are short nerve trunks connecting the ganglia of the sympathetic chain—including SCG—to the spinal nerves. The rami are particularly short in the rat and even when they are multiple and separated into two or more bundles they cannot be distinguished as white and gray rami ...
SPINAL stenosisObjective: Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF), performed using a retroperitoneal approach, can lead to complications related to the approach, such as lumbar sympathetic chain injury (LSCI). Although LSCI is a common complication of OLIF, its reported incidence varies...
In our clinical practice, only the flare is taken into account for determination of sympathetic levels. For optimal SkARV interpretation, good light conditions are needed as well as careful attention during the minutes following the stroke. Spinal Cord (1) There is an excellent correspondence ...
Preganglionic fibers can also pass through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing. These fibers are usually derived from the spinal cord levelsT5 to L2(3). Once they pass through the sympathetic trunk, they combine with fibers from other levels to form and exit the trunk as asplanchnic nerve...
The sympathetic trunk is a chain of ganglia joined by inter-ganglial commissures that lies (on the right or left) on the bodies of the vertebrae. Each ganglion is also joined to one of the spinal nerves. Fibers of the sympathetic nervous system innervate all organs and tissues of the body...
The sympathetic nervous system is comprised exclusively of efferent neurons and divides into the left and right sympathetic chains.[1]Each sympathetic chain extends from the skull base to the coccyx paravertebrally, carrying preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord that synapse in an adjacent ganglio...