For a classical system at equilibrium at temperature T, the average energy per degree of freedom is kT/2. In the simplest example of a gas consisting of N noninteracting atoms, each atom has three translational degrees of freedom (it can move in the x-, y-, or z-directions), and so...
Planck’s constant, fundamental physical constant characteristic of the mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics, which describes the behavior of particles and waves on the atomic scale, including the particle aspect of light. The German physicist
Table 27: wsuipa Diacritics s \ain v \leftp x \overring h \stress } \underwedge k \corner n \leftt ~ \polishhook j \syllabic t \upp u \downp q \length w \rightp r \underdots l \upt m \downt { \midtilde o \rightt y \underring p \halflength z \open i \secstress ...