Studies of the relationships between microbes and the organisms they live on are revealing how plants and animals could adapt to climate change. With the world facing a global warming somewhere between1 and 5.5 degrees Celsius, organisms that have evolved to thrive in specific environments need to ...
Filamentous cyanobacteria are important primary producers and N2fixers in many terrestrial environments. As reduced nitrogen is often limiting, some thalloid liverworts (Marchantiophyta), hornworts (Anthocerophyta), the water fernAzolla(Salviniales), cycads (Cycadophyta), and the angiospermGunnera(Gunn...
Roots also have further equally important functions to fulfil such as vegetative reproduction, hormone biosynthesis, photoassimilate storage, and the establishment of symbiotic relationships with microorganisms. Root systems have evolved several adaptations to aid them in maximizing nutrient uptake. These ...