Sweat glandsare tubular structures located within the deeper dermal tissue that contain a rich network of capillaries and nerve fibers. The investigation ofsweatglandinnervationbegan simultaneously to the initial studies of cutaneous epidermal nociceptive C-fibers usingskin biopsies[1]. Recently, the wides...
1983), in isolated human apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. HMG-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase are both regulated by complex mechanisms, some of which are co-ordinated. In rat liver the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), for example, catalyzes the ...
Literature from the past 168 years has been filtered to provide a unified summary of the regional distribution of cutaneous water and electrolyte losses. The former occurs via transepidermal water vapour diffusion and secretion from the eccrine sweat glands. Daily insensible water losses for a standard...
Sweat glands are classified into three main types: eccrine, apocrine, and apoeccrine (Sato1993; Sato et al.1989). Eccrine sweat glands will be the focus of this review because they are the most numerous (2–4 million), distributed across most of the body surface area (Sato1983,1993) and...
For wearable applications, sweat seems to be the ideal sample since it is easily and rapidly obtainable as it is produced by sweat glands that are distributed across the entire body (more than 100 glands/cm2 of skin) [7]. This biofluid had never been taken into great consideration for ...
The iontophoresis electrode is positioned directly around the PDMS microchannel, stimulating sweat glands near the microfluidic inlet. This allows secreted sweat to precisely enter the channel and be delivered to the sensor. A similar approach has been used by Wang et al. [43] in their sweat ...
and ions. Nevertheless, there are few devices capable of analyzing this biofluid and providing useful information to users. In this paper, an electronic system designed for the autonomous analysis of sweat electrolytes and metabolites along with heart rate dynamics is presented. This system is part ...