any impairment of normal physiological function affecting all or part of an organism, esp a specific pathological change caused by infection, stress, etc., producing characteristic symptoms; illness or sickness in general Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005 ...
Technological advances in molecular biology during the next millennium may cause an explosion of genetic information about athletes' predisposition to illness and injury. Recent discoveries about a possible genetic predisposition to brain injury in boxers may be the tip of the iceberg, with far-...
Graves' disease, and multiple sclerosis.1–3 Emerging evidence suggests that not only biological "sex" determinants but also social or cultural "gender" characteristics play a crucial role in the development and modification of human physical and mental illness, so-called gender-specific medicine. In...
1, 2, 3 Emerging evidence suggests that not only biological “sex” determinants but also social or cultural “gender” characteristics play a crucial role in the development and modification of human physical and mental illness, so-called gender-specific medicine. In the postgenomic era, ...
The high fatality rate of COVID-19 may be partly due to excessive production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators(cytokine storm) leading to a hyperactive non-productive immune state causing lung and other organs injury (Zhou et al., 2020). We found little published data about the role of...
Epidemiological studies of the COVID-19 patients have suggested the male bias in outcomes of lung illness. To experimentally demonstrate the epidemiological results, we performed animal studies to infect male and female Syrian hamsters with SARS-CoV-2. Remarkably, high viral titer in nasal washings...
These results indicate that BO treatment increased oxidative stress-induced injury to atrial myocytes. This change, together with the increased levels of fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis in atrium, might contribute to the AF susceptibility of BO-treated mice. Effects of BO on CaMKII signaling in atrium...
associated with worse disease outcomes in men infected with SARS-CoV-2 in an observational study conducted in 2020 (ref.121). Given these inconsistencies, it is important to note that testosterone levels might change during acute illness and that the relationship between circula...
Influenza during pregnancy can affect the health of offspring in later life, among which neurocognitive disorders are among the best described. Here, we investigate whether maternal influenza infection has adverse effects on immune responses in offspring
This pattern of interaction—highly reactive children showing either the highest or lowest rates of illness in the sample, contingent upon the character of the social environment—was speculatively attributed to a 'biological sensitivity to the character of the social world': We suggest that important...