In this way, about the year 1000 starting from the city of Venice, a second name (surname) was added. The custom gradually spread from the nobility to all classes of people, and by the 15th century most surnames were formed. A small, illiterate social milieu, as was a village, just ne...
The district with the maximum LQ (MLQ) can be used as a starting point for assigning a surname as local or non-local. In general it appears that surnames with high MLQs tend to be comparatively rare (Figure 1) and are more likely to have a local distribution (eg Pedlar MLQ¼323)....
However, almost without exception, these surnames have bearers referred to in the 19th century as born outside of the Land of Israel, often in the same countries from which migrants with the same names came during the previous centuries. If we just take names starting with A-, then such ...