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The challenge here is to gently elevate the tooth without levering the root tip through the wall of the nasal cavity. A sulcular incision is made around the tooth to incise the epithelial attachment. The easiest way to continue the horizontal incision distally is to extend it to the buccal ...
Various instruments are used for the retrosigmoid approach to theCPA, includingcraniectomyinstruments, retractors, high-speedsurgical drillwith a selection of cutting and diamond burrs, suction and suction-irrigation tips of the fenestrated and nonfenestrated types, bipolarcautery, microdissection instruments...