Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a surgical procedure in which one or more blocked coronary arteries are bypassed by a blood vessel graft to restore normal blood flow to the heart. These grafts usually come from the patient's own arteries and veins located in the leg, arm, or chest....
the saphenous vein—from the leg—is used to create the bypass. In this instance, an incision is made along the inside of the leg to remove the saphenous vein.
which reduces the friction of the heart wall during heart action. Blood is supplied to the heart by way of the right and left coronary arteries, which originate from the ascending aorta. The large veins of the heart collect in the coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium; smaller...
The length of the incision may vary from 20 to 40 cm depending on the procedure. A simple enterotomy can be performed on the cranial and descending duodenum to remove a foreign body (Fig. 7) or trichobezoar. However, any obstruction involving the sigmoid flexure of the duodenum is ...
to the center, one of the pediatric patients was an infant diagnosed in utero via fetal ultrasound with an unusual form of switch of great arteries. Deoxygenated blue blood entered the right atrium which connected to the left ventricle, then to the aorta and the oxygenated red blood entered ...
CT scan.Another way to get a look at how your blood is flowing is using a computer that turns X-rays of your heart into a 3D picture. Coronary calcium scan.This is another kind of CT scan that measures the amount of calcium in the walls of your coronary arteries, which is an indicat...
Next, lavage the wound with a proper solution under 7-8 psi to remove the surface contaminants and in the end dry the skin surrounding the wound. This may facilitate the adhesion of the dressing and also will prevent maceration of the skin if the wound is highly exudative. Wound lavage: ...
When bypass is started in newborns and infants, the concentration of ionized calcium decreases immediately and the cardiac contractility and heart rate decrease with hypothermia. The left ventricle is thus unable to accept the blood returning to the left atrium. For this reason, venting the left he...
which can injure nerve and other tissues. This problem occurs due to the buildup of fatty material (plaque) on the inside wall of arteries.Plaqueis made up of extra cholesterol, calcium in blood. Blood carries the oxygen to the lower extremities but plaque buildup starves the tissues and ...
Others, however, argue that all injured tibial arteries should be repaired to prevent tissue loss and long-term morbidity. The answer to this question remains elusive, given that long-term follow-up of trauma patients is notoriously difficult to obtain. When vascular injury is associated with ...