This study, however, demonstrates that the tropical upper-tropospheric warming (UTW) tends to trap more moisture in the lower troposphere and weaken the surface wind speed, both contributing to reduce the upward surface latent heat flux so as to trigger the initial sea surface warming. We refer...
where L is the coefficient for the latent heat of evaporation. On the basis of the energy conservation principle, the net flux of energy absorbed by the surface must equal the rate at which the surface is storing energy Ss, so that (8.5.6)Ss=Fs(0)−Fir(0)−Fυ(0)=Fs↓(0)(1...
The spatial distribution of the surface heat fluxes, which has not been investigated before, show relatively large spatial variation in latent heat flux. The annual mean net heat flux spatial distribution varies from about 30 to 10Wm2, with greatest heat loss in southeastern and northwestern ...
In contrast, in the nearby area of the Arabian Gulf there is a yearly average of an upward flux at the sea surface, which is compensated by an advective heat flow of approximately 25 W m 2 through the strait of Hormuz. Some of the heat in the Gulf of Oman is transported into the ...
The annual mean values of upward heat transfer due to solar radiation, sensible heat, latent heat and infrared radiation fluxes are 212, 1, 168 and 66 W m2, respectively. Based on the surface inflow and subsurface outflow through the Strait of Hormuz, the annual average heat transport into ...
12 Expanding on it, the diabatic heating terms can be further subdivided into net shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation, surface latent heat flux, surface sensible heat flux, and ground heat exchange, the relative importance of which varies depending on the region and the type of ...
The climatology, trends and leading modes of land surface latent heat flux (LHF) and sensible heat flux (SHF) as well as their responses to monsoon and precipitation in global land monsoon domains are presented. During the past three decades, LHF and SHF have generally undergone a rising and...
details on latent heat flux decomposition are given in the Methods section. The Δ symbol indicates the ensemble-average change relative to the control simulation ensemble average. Stippled areas denote changes exceeding the 95% confidence level....
Latent heat flux Source area Urban albedo ClearfLo 1. Introduction Surface characteristics, such as the arrangement of roughness elements, the locations of heat and moisture sources, or the texture of materials, all play a role in the formation of climate conditions in the lowest part of the at...
Warm (moist) air near the surface is transported upward by secondary circulations, which leads to a positive sensible (latent) heat flux that cannot be capture by single-tower measurements, if these structures are not carried along the EC system by the mean wind within the flux-averaging time...