sensible heat flux (λsh), and e. latent heat flux (λlh). The units are in W m−2 K−1. Extended Data Fig. 4 Power spectra of atmospheric forcing. a-e. Power spectra of annual atmospheric forcing (\({\hat{F}}_{\omega ,a}^{2}\)) for the five regions, denoted by ...
Spatial maps of sea﹊ce distribution from 8 March 2018 with sensible heat flux (W·m2) overplotted as dots. The top panel shows satelliteヾerived sea﹊ce fraction contours from AMSR2 with aircraft observations. The bottom panel shows sea﹊ce fraction contours from OSTIA with ERA5 output. ...
Surface sensible heat flux can be both positive and negative depending on the direction of the heat transfer and the relative thermal difference between the ocean surface and the atmosphere above. Thus, the diurnal cycle and whether the sea takes up heat from the air depends on this thermal ...
Data on short- and long-wave radiation, as well as on sensible and latent atmospheric heat fluxes from the ERA5 reanalysis were used. HDBSCAN cluster analysis method has made it possible to identify four regions (clusters) with synchronous dynamics of the dates of transition of the heat ...
For the direct approach, estimates of net air-sea heat flux are derived by combining monthly mean values of latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, net shortwave radiation and net longwave from the standard output of the NCEP/NCAR [Kalnay et al., 1996] and ERA-interim [Dee et al., 2011]...
The turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat flux represent smaller heat sources. In the annual mean, reflected shortwave radiation exceeds the upward longwave radiation with a seasonal average values of-287 W m~(-2). During winter, the shortwave radiation is small, and the main energy ...
The LE was greater in spring and summer than in au- tumn and winter, and this quantity had no obvious diurnal variations (Figs. 3 and 5). The maximum Hs and LE were 443.1 and 892.8 W/m2, respectively, appearing in July. The average sensible heat flux was much larger than the ...
The climatology, trends and leading modes of land surface latent heat flux (LHF) and sensible heat flux (SHF) as well as their responses to monsoon and precipitation in global land monsoon domains are presented. During the past three decades, LHF and SHF have generally undergone a rising and...
Surface sensible heat flux can be both positive and negative depending on the direction of the heat transfer and the relative thermal difference between the ocean surface and the atmosphere above. Thus, the diurnal cycle and whether the sea takes up heat from the air depends on this thermal ...
(LWDN), sensible heat (SH), latent heat (LH), and ground heat flux (G). Here, the DTM approach is applied to the four typical afforested regions (e.g., NE, NC, SC, and SW). An overview of the five main factors contributing to the LST is shown in Fig.3. We can find that\...