The fortunate location of the front in relation to the observations permits a comparison between the observed wind and the wind estimated from the equation. It is suggested that many tragic shipwrecks along the border of the ice may be explained in this way....
and Liang, S.: Estimating surface energy fluxes using a dual-source data as- similation approach adjoined to the heat diffusion equation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, 25 D17118, doi:10.1029/2012JD017618, 2012. 6609Estimating surface energy fluxes using a dual-source data assimilation ...
(8.5.2). Over land and on a microscopic scale, Ss may be expressed in terms of the rate of heat conduction into the underlying surface. Equation (8.5.6) represents the basic surface energy equation. Local variations such as the melting of snow and ice have not been considered here. The...
Equation (3.70) is valid for countercurrent and co-current (parallel) flow but not for mixed flow, such as a shell-and-tube exchanger with two passes in the tube side (see Figure 3.12). Correction factors for various flow configurations are available in the literature (e.g. Kreith, 1965...
Mixing at the ocean surface is key for atmosphere–ocean interactions and the distribution of heat, energy, and gases in the upper ocean. Winds are the primary force for surface mixing. To properly simulate upper ocean dynamics and the flux of these quantities within the upper ocean, models mu...
To understand how the very large seasonal surface heat loss over the warm KE water affects the strength of the SST front, we calculate the surface heat flux and oceanic terms in the frontogenesis/frontolysis equation (3). To estimate the meridional gradients across the front, we compute the...
Model runs diagnose the transient rip-current (TRC) and diurnal surface heat flux (SHF) induced cross-shore exchange in the nearshore For Fall Southern California conditions, SHF induced far weaker exchange than TRC or TRC+SHF, with similar TRC- and SHF+TRC-induced exchange From exchange velocit...
5 m), these processes can be jointly reproduced by a linear downslope diffusion equation applied to the evolving topography in response to the tectonic strain4,7,47,50. The sediment flux at the surface, \({{\rm{q}}}_{s}\), is related to the local slope, ...
Diffusion term in the momentum equation is given by a fourth-order difference. The model covers the entire East Sea from 33°N to 52°N latitude and from 126.5°E to 142.5°E longitude (Fig. 1 Distribution of surface net heat flux Fig. 2 shows the distributions of the decadal-averaged ...
Propagation of errors in equation (8) shows that for a 150 W m−2 net heat flux into the ocean trapping layer with 3 m s−1 wind speed, a 10 W m−2 error would result in a 10% (0.07 °C) error in the warm-layer effect. However, for these low wind-...