A model of a cylindrically symmetric, force-free magnetic field consisting of a sequence of concentric layers with piecewise-constant α is used to construct models of the surface currents on isolated, force-free magnetic flux tubes. Two boundary conditions are considered: a current-neutralized flux...
On the other hand, we have developed a novel method for catalyst preparation using water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion. By using our method, the metal particle size of the catalyst has been controlled regardless of metal content [1,2]. The objectives of this work are to control the catalyst...
This can be accomplished by varying the underlyingsurface wettabilityin an intentional manner such that cos θ is varied underneath the droplet from one end to the other. Such a surface is called a “gradient surface”. Moreover, as was explained in the previous section, the results of the B...
This is particularly important in the equatorial cold-tongue region where winds are very light and currents are strong, without which division by zero led to unrealistically large diurnal warming (>20 °C warming). We therefore use a diurnal wind-speed gustiness formula that depends on SST37:...
of ~100 cm−3at Europa during this fly-by are within the 25–50% range of densities observed over Galileo’s tour27. This plasma density contrasts with Galileo’s E4 fly-by, which had a similar fly-by geometry, but with much lower upstream total ion densities of ~20 cm−3(...
aOn the other hand, the anodic and cathodic peak currents don’t exhibit obvious shift, indicating that the electrochemical reaction of MP-11 corresponds to a diffusionless, surface-controlled quasi- reversible process16, 17 另一方面,正极和负极峰值电流不陈列明显的转移,表明MP-11的电化学反应对应于一...
Ekman flow induced during spindown always tends to restratify the fluid, while wind-driven Ekman currents will restratify or destratify the mixed layer if the wind stress has a component up or down front (i.e., directed against or with the geostrophic shear), respectively. Scalings are ...
However, the general conclusion of these studies is that whilst there can be initial advantages in the form of lower and more stable prebreakdown currents, the ultimate voltage hold-off capability of such gaps is not significantly increased, and, more important, that after a breakdown it is ...
and frontal regions. Anotherremote sensingtechnology effectively used for detection of sea surface circulation patterns is the sensing of sea surface roughness. Oceanic regions that are dominated by intense currents are often marked by a roughness contrast of the sea surface compared to those of the ...
We suggest that 0.9-Hz peak is due to microseisms (i.e., 1.8 s fjord waves), whereas the 7.4-Hz peak is probably due to the site response, as the periodicity of ocean gravity waves is too long for our analysis and particularly strong seafloor currents are not expected (furthermore,...