The Surcharge is a charge on any already existing tax. Surcharge basically is an additional tax. In India Surcharge on income tax is an extra tax on high income. It is charged on the individuals and businesses. Earlier only the businesses had to pay Surcharge but after the budget of 2013,...
A case history of surcharge-induced large deformations and noticeable leakages occurring on existing underlying twin tunnels in soft ground is presented in this paper. The field conditions are well-documented in terms of the processes of the surcharge and discharge as well as the structural ...