For a fixed pave ratio, more evenly spaced sand strips with smaller width should be employed to optimize the design. The effectiveness of distributed sand blankets is not influenced by the anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and thickness in multiple soil layers...
For land reclamation using the conventional surcharge preloading method, a sand cap layer is often fully placed at the ground surface of ultra-soft compressible estuary or marine clays. A novel strategy of distributed sand caps is proposed to save cost associated with sand materials. At an early...
TunnelsStabilityFinite elementLimit analysisAdaptive finite element limit analysis (AFELA) is employed to investigate the stability of two circular tunnels at different depths in cohesive-frictional soils subjected to surcharge loading. The upper and lower bounds of the tunnel stability numbers are ...