Guided by gut sensory cues, humans and animals prefer nutritive sugars over non-caloric sweeteners, but how the gut steers such preferences remains unknown. In the intestine, neuropod cells synapse with vagal neurons to convey sugar stimuli to the brain
Phloem unloading by bulk flow ensures comparable dissipation of sap osmotic and water potentials by dilution in the relatively large cellular volume of vascular parenchyma, an outcome more complicated to achieve by diffusion. Here, each dissolved solute and water molecule diffuses at a specific rate ...
The Murchison, Murray and Orgueil carbonaceous meteorites, among others, have been invaluable sources of cosmic information. Their extracts have revealed the presence of numerous chemical species and organic compounds in particular, some regarded as potential biosignatures. Amino acids are invariably the ...
Dried samples were dissolved in 0.1 mL of a mixture acetonitrile: water: formic acid (50:49.9:0.1, v/v/v) and 5 µL injected into the LC–MS/MS system consisting in a linear ion trap with Orbitrap detector (LTQ Orbitrap XL) interfaced to an Ultimate 3000 RS (Thermo Fisher ...
For describing the gelatinization behavior of starch in the sugars and sugar replacers solutions, the volume fraction of water Φwater in equation (4) is better replaced by the effective volume fraction of the solvent, Φw,eff, comprising the mixture of water and all dissolved sugars according ...
In fact, this urge to crystallize is very strong in sugar. If dissolved in enough water, for example, the water will form a bond surrounding the sugar molecules keeping them separated. But if it gets too crowded with too much sugar, as happens when water is boiled off or more sugar is...
The samples were then air-dried in a 60 °C oven until they reached their constant weight and were stored properly. 2.3. Optimisation of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Operating Parameters The 10% (w/v) pre-treated PALFs were dissolved in a 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.8) containing various ...
Sugar dissolves in water. Is this a physical or chemical change? Explain. Describe how you would prepare 1 L of a 1.0 M glucose solution. Explain the necessary similarities and/or differences between the components of a mixture in order for recrystallization ...
As this condensate is being generated during an evaporation process, it has heat content and is generally of a quality that is much better than the raw water quality. It is also low in dissolved solids, with conductivity generally in the range 50–250 μS/cm. It has low levels of organic...
FESEM images (Fig. 2) provide visual proof of the xylan's porous structures (Fig. 2a,b) amenable to adsorption and catalysis by the endoxylanase enzyme (Fig. 2c) dissolved in the buffer solution (Fig. 2d). Enzyme adsorption: equilibrium or non-equilibrium? FESEM images (...