18 in S1 Appendix; P < 0.01) than slime molds that were offered a slightly nutritive spot. In comparison with the experiments conducted in homogeneous environments, we did not observe any expansion/refinement cycles in the spot experiments, meaning that slime mold spread steadily towards the...
An exergonic reaction releases free energy and occurs spontaneously. For a reaction to occur, the overall change in free energy must be negative, meaning there is a release of free energy and the free energy of the products is less than the free energy of the reactants....
Microbial metabolism upholds a fundamental role in the sustainability of water ecosystems. However, how microorganisms surviving in low-concentration substrate water environments, including the existence of emerging compounds of interest, remains unclear. In this review, microbial strategies for concentrating,...
definition of coenzyme/cofactor that made sense, I think we have to take into account that biochemists use the term very loosely, such that it has very little meaning other than, a small non-protein compound that is required for enzyme activity (whether or not it changes in the reaction)...
D1 and D2 pore loops are critical in ClpAPS-promoted degradation The NTE of ClpS is proposed to be engaged by ClpA and act as a “degron mimic”, meaning that it is bound and “pulled on” by functional groups in the enzyme’s central channel (33, 34). However, the NTE is not ...
3, the doping process led to an increase in the AD/AG ratio at both pyrolysis temperatures, meaning that the structure of the carbon matrix in doped carbons contains a larger amount of defects, which is corroborated by the SEM analysis (Fig. 2). Carbons with defective structures can lead ...
Hydrocarbon-using bacteria are a major portion of the aquatic microflora. They are supported in part with natural hydrocarbon sources such as terpenes along with other classes of organics. Concentrations are small, in the μg L−1 range and generally b
(uncharacterized)’ in Fig.5). Interestingly, the transition from the low-mass population to the high-mass population was state-dependent, meaning that the opening rate (kop) was modulated by Na+and DA binding, as seen for peptide 329–346 from the TM6b-IL3-TM7 region (Fig.5c). ...
Symbols have the same meaning as in Fig. 1a. (b–h) R6B cultures (OD550 ~ 0.15) were treated at 37 °C with the purified proteins (9 μg/ml) and observed at the microscope, with or without fluorescence, after 30 min of incubation. (b) control of untreated cell culture...
Various terms relating to aspects of the disclosure are used throughout the specification and claims. Such terms are to be given their ordinary meaning in the art, unless otherwise indicated. Other specifically defined terms are to be construed in a manner consistent with the definition provided he...