Explain the terms substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Phosphorylation: Phosphorylation refers to multiple metabolic processes within cells, which occur as part of the organism's use of resources. These can be divided into substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phospho...
we identify THEMIS as an uncharacterized substrate for the phosphatase SHP1. Saturated mutagenesis assays and mass spectrometry analysis reveal that phosphorylation of THEMIS at the evolutionally conserved Tyr34 residue is oppositely regulated by SHP1 and the kinase LCK. Similar toTHEMIS−/−mice,TH...
When it is not bound to insulin, it is enzymatically inactive, but when it combines with insulin, a conformational change occurs, which results in the exposure of three intracellular phosphorylation sites on the β-subunit tail. These sites can be autophosphorylated, using ATP as the substrate,...
S4). In contrast, when benzbromarone was used the phosphorylation level increased for both the active forms EYA3 WT and EYA3ED, suggesting that the reduced phosphorylation level is a result of EYA3 autodephosphorylation. Therefore, these experiments showed that Src kinase has phosphorylation sites ...
Towards exploring their potential utility as biomarkers, in this study, we developed a simple method offering quantitative measurement of the phosphorylation level induced by endogenous kinase activity in a substrate-specific manner. By combining two features: substrate peptide-based kinase assay and MRM...
Mechanotransduction in an extracted cell model: Fyn drives stretch- and flow-elicited PECAM-1 phosphorylation. J. Cell Biol. 182, 753–763 (2008). Tzima, E. et al. A mechanosensory complex that mediates the endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress. Nature 437, 426–431 (2005). ...
Although the glucoside was not incorporated into cellular constituents or metabolized for energy, about one-half of the accumulated molecules underwent phosphorylation while one-half remained as the free glucoside. Studies on the inhibition of uptake of the glucoside showed that the affinity of the ...
by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.RESULTS: Patients with steatosis had decreased phosphorylation of the insulin kinase AKT1, mediating insulin receptor signaling, and the transcription factor FOXO1, which was therefore more active mediating insulin resistance at transcriptional level. Despite...
The dopamine transporter is a member of the neurotransmitter:sodium symporters (NSSs), which are responsible for termination of neurotransmission through Na+-driven reuptake of neurotransmitter from the extracellular space. Experimental evidence elucidat
To do so, we first sought to define the optimal phosphorylation site motif for Dbf2-Mob1 substrates. Peptide library screening revealed the putative optimal substrate motif to be MRIFSM (Figure 1A). However, when we tested each residue in in vitro Dbf2-Mob1 peptide kinase assays, the only...