First kind integral equationNegative order pseudo-differential operatorMultigrid methodVariable substitutions are introduced to the single layer potential equations such that the order of pseudo-differential op
Distinguishing crude oil imports by their chemical composition, the elasticity of substitution between types is substantially lower than suggested by previous estimates. Our results also suggest that, by neglecting these differences in quality, standard estimates underestimate the production disruptions and ...
By subtraction of Equation 2 from Equation 1, an estimate for the food substitution of replacing food 2 with food 1 can be obtained:(3)HR=exp(person1−person2)=exp(β1−β2)=exp(β1)exp(β2) The estimated HR can be interpreted as the joint risk associated with a...
The equation y(y⊕1)=α over F2n has two solutions if Tr(α)=0 and no solutions otherwise. Corollary 1 Let a,b,c∈F2n and a, b are non-zero. The equation ax2+bx+c=0 has two solutions over F2n if Tr(ac/b2)=0 and no solutions otherwise. Lemma 6 For every x≠y∈F2n, ...
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Comparable rate parameters between the TF and NF forms are only identical when the tuple frequencies are identical (see equation 3). For homogenous multiplicative π [π (a) = π (i1) π (i2)], at least 4 more exchangeability parameters are required for the TF variant to include the ...
Combination often requires you to multiply one of your equations by a constant. In this case, notice what happens if you multiply the second equation by –3. What’s the next step in combination? By arranging the equations vertically, you can simply add them, combining like terms along the...
In equation (8), n is the number of essential amino acids (EAAs) included in the analyses. Letters a–g are the concentrations of EAAs (mg/g N) in the experiment, and ae–ge are the EAA concentrations in egg proteins (mg/g N). 2.8. Statistical analysis The data were handled by ...
substitution models that represented the estimated effects of substituting SB with an equal amount of time spent in LPA or MVPA, without (model 5) and with (model 6) adjustment for covariates.12 In this model, SB was excluded, whereas, total wear time was kept constant in the equation. For...
It is suggested that, by the above results, the synthesized material is suitable for memory storage devices and antibacterial activity. In the current era, nanotechnology modifies and plays a vital role in almost every field of human life because of its unique and marvelous electrical, ...