Substance abuse not only causes physiological and psychological harm for users and their families but also serious consequences for society [1]. According to the World Drug Report 2021, over the past year, around 275 million people have used drugs, up by 22 percent from 2010. By 2030, demogra...
Only two of these studies reported on inmates with some sort of harmful substance use: 105 inmates with "substance abuse problems" pre-incarceration, no diagnosis reported, self-reported improved physical fitness and alleviated anxiety, stress, and depression [28], and 19 inmates in methadone ...