Learning Outcomes Describe the structure of the kidneys and the functions of the parts of the kidneyFigure 1. Kidneys filter the blood, producing urine that is stored in the bladder prior to elimination through the urethra. (credit: modification of work by NCI)The kidneys, illustrated in Figure...
The kidneys are positioned retroperitoneally, meaning that they are not wrapped with the peritoneal layers the way most abdominal organs are, but rather are placed behind it. On the other hand, kidneys do have relations with peritoneum, or precisely with the specific organs that are covered with...
that is, the vessels that transport blood throughout the body and provide the physical site where gases, nutrients, and other substances are exchanged with body cells. When vessel functioning is reduced, blood-borne substances do not circulate effectively throughout the body. As a result, tissue...
Chapter 2 Body Structure Organization of the Body Before taking a look at the whole human body, we need to examine its parts. The human organism consists of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. These components are arranged in a hierarchical(分层的,分体系的)manner. That is, cells come ...
In mammals, XK is the last enzyme in the glucuronate-xylulose pathway, active in the liver and kidneys, and is linked through its product Xu5P to the pentose-phosphate pathway. XK may play an important role in metabolic disease, given that Xu5P is a key regulator of glucose metabolism and...