Cell membranestructures, properties, and functions have been rigorously addressed in many groundbreaking studies over almost a century. Cell boundary research goes back by about two centuries when the concept of a cell having a protective layer that surrounds it came into light (Lombard, 2014). Und...
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The cell membrane consists of a double-layered structure (sometimes called the "fluid mosaic model") composed mainly of phospholipids. One of these layers faces the interior of the cell, or cytoplasm, while the other faces the external environment. The outward- and inward-facing sides are consid...
The purpose of acell membraneis to separate the cell's contents from the external environment. Because life evolved in an aqueous (aka watery) environment, cells exist in, and contain, water. And because water and fat/oil do not mix well, membranes have developed on this basis. In this p...
Typical minicell preparations reveal numerous defects including stripped-off membranes, vesicles, spheroplasts, concentric membrane layers, and a markedly swollen periplasm10,11,23. The WM4196 strain produced a higher proportion of uniform and round minicells, many of which were <0.4 µm in...
In infections by apicomplexan parasites including Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, and Eimeria, host interactions are mediated by proteins including families of membrane-anchored cysteine-rich surface antigens (SAGs) and SAG-related sequences (SRS). Eimeri
S100A4, a member of the S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins, modulates the motility of both non-transformed and cancer cells by regulating the localization and stability of cellular protrusions. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that S100A4 binds to
In addition to a nucleus, some of the other important organelles of palisade cells include a cell membrane, a large vacuole, chloroplasts as well as a cell membrane among a few others. Between the cells (palisade cells are generally arranged in a vertical manner to each other beneath the epi...
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This chapter presents a study to explore the differences in structure between secreted and cell-surface membrane immunoglobulins. In search for a suitable model system for the structural studies on m-Ig and s-Ig, this study screened for cell lines that would be both homogeneous and would ...