Herein, a simple secondary equilibrium approach is proposed to fabricate strong and tough PA hydrogels via the synergy of ionic and metal–ligand bonds. The original PA gels (constructed by ionic bonds) are first dialyzed in multivalent metal﹊on solutions to reach a swelling equilibrium and then...
Natural load-bearing materials such as tendons have a high water content of about 70 per cent but are still strong and tough, even when used for over one million cycles per year, owing to the hierarchical assembly of anisotropic structures across multiple length scales1. Synthetic hydrogels have...
Strong tough hydrogels via the synergy of freeze-casting and salting out. Nature 590, 594–599 (2021). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Karino, T., Shibayama, M. & Ito, K. Slide-ring gel: topological gel with freely movable cross-links. Phys. B Condens. Matter 385–386, 692–696 ...
Strong tough hydrogels via the synergy of freeze-casting and salting out. Nature 590, 594–599 (2021). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Karino, T., Shibayama, M. & Ito, K. Slide-ring gel: topological gel with freely movable cross-links. Phys. B Condens. Matter 385–386, 692–696 ...
Strong tough hydrogels via the synergy of freeze-casting and salting out. Nature 590, 594–599 (2021). Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Maleki, A. et al. Biomedical applications of MXene‐integrated composites: regenerative medicine, infection therapy, cancer Treatment, and biosensing. Adv...
Load‐bearing soft tissues are soft but strong, strong yet tough. These properties can only be replicated in synthetic hydrogels, which do not have the biocomplexity required by many biomedical applications. By contrast, natural hydrogels, although retaining the native complexity, are w...
Strong tough hydrogels via the synergy of freeze-casting and salting out. Nature 590, 594–599 (2021). Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Tang, L. et al. Double network physical crosslinking strategy to promote bulk mechanical and surface adhesive properties of hydrogels. Macromolecules 52,...
Hydrogels are promising soft materials as tissue engineering scaffolds, stretchable sensors, and soft robotics. Yet, it remains challenging to develop synthetic hydrogels with mechanical stability and durability similar to those of the connective tissues
hydrogels were brittlely exposed to cross sections with liquid nitrogen and sputtered with gold, followed by SEM (HITACHI SU8220) test. Tensile tests The mechanical properties of hydrogel fibers were tested by using a universal tester (AGS-X) with an environmental chamber and a liquid nitrogen ...
Ionic bonds formed through electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged ions are much stronger than H-bonds. Recently, a few studies have proved that electrostatic interactions in mussel adhesives, polyampholyte hydrogels, and ionoelastomers contribute to enhanced adhesion15,16,17,18,19,20. For...