Where the fragile liquid exhibits an abrupt transition from unrestrained to restrain below the melting point, molten silica is highly constrained even at equilibrium. We determine the temperature dependence of the average number of particles restrained per pinned particle and consider the feature of the...
Experimentally, for most glass systemsTg∼2/3Tm, defining the practical limits of the supercooled state12. For glasses with a well-definedTg, but that happen to decompose on heating before they melt, this relationship offers the opportunity to project a ‘virtual melting point’ that can be ...
The obtained solids were weighed in the air, and their weights were recorded as mdry. Finally, the water contents (W) of PVA-OH hydrogels were calculated from the equation: $$W=\frac{{m}_{{{\rm{wet}}}-{m}_{{{\rm{dry}}}{{m}_{{{\rm{wet}}}\times 100\%$$ (1) Crystalli...
Here we show that the fragility of a liquid can be determined from purely thermodynamic data (as opposed to measurements of kinetics) near and below the melting point. We find that for most liquids the fragilities estimated this way are consistent with those obtained by previous methods and by...
S Urban,CM Roland - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 被引量: 28发表: 2011年 Glass transition, freezing and melting of liquids confined in the mesoporous silicate MCM-41 MCM-41 is a recently discovered mesoporous silicate that consists of a hexagonal arrangement of cylindrical pores. Because the...
Solubility is a physical property that describes the integration of a solute with a solvent, making a homogenous (uniform) mixture of the two substances. Each substance has its solubility limit, varying from extremely small to extremely large. For example, sodium chloride ...
An ionic compound has a higher melting point than a covalent compound. Is that because the ionic compound has stronger intermolecular forces compared to the covalent compound? What is the relationship between electronegativity and the ionic character of a chemical bond? Are hydrogen bonds polar...
Interaction of a solid material with focused, intense pulses of high-energy photons or other particles (such as electrons and ions) creates a strong electronic excitation state within an ultra-short time and on ultra-small spatial scales. This offers the
The point stiffness was determined as the normal force divided by the deformation of the sample and calculated from the force-displacement curves. For each sample, more than six regions were randomly selected to perform the nanoindentation. At least three cantilevers were used in the experiments ...
(hot pressing or die upsetting) show the tetragonal c-axis alignment parallel to applied load direction. Similarly, in the case of twin roller quenching according to the teachings of the present invention, the alignment of any solids formed with other than c-axis normal to the wheel surface ...