LAMMPS is used for MD simulations using the AIREBO force field. Kinetic energy, displacement, velocity and perforation resistance force of the projectile have been investigated to understand the perforation mechanics of GS. In-plane axial-wave and out-of-plane cone-wave speeds in the GS are ...
For an applied load along the y-axis, the crack is expected to propagate along x, which is why the Kronecker delta 𝛿1𝑗δ1j filters only the x component of the vector 𝑛𝑗nj outward normal to the curve in the portion of the strain energy density w. The j-th component of the...
The obtained structure is further equilibrated under the NPT ensemble to ensure that each molecular chain moves at least 2𝑅g2Rg (𝑅gRg is the root-mean-squared radius of gyration of the polymer). Finally, the size of the systems becomes gradually steady. After that, the systems are ...