Strengthening by grain size refinement and precipitation in friction stir processing (FSP) of Al-Cu alloys was investigated. Interestingly, even with significant grain refinement (<1 渭m), there was a substantial reduction in microhardness. This is attributed to the loss of precipitation hardening ...
The average grain size of as-received T2 is 16 μm and the grain size of the annealed T2 increases with annealing temperature. Specifically, compared to the as-received sample, grain size increases by a factor of about 10 times to 185 μm for the 1000 °C annealed T2. The reduction ...
Briefly, these different categories of work hardening rate recovery is caused by the reduction of dislocation mean free path, Λ, during plastic deformation [57,58]. In TWIP alloys, the newly formed twin boundaries decrease the Λ, while it is newly formed phase boundaries in TRIP alloys. ...
The microstructure analysis reveals that the reduction in grain size inhibits the formation of 332113 twins during deformation. The yield strength of the alloy can be significantly enhanced by reducing the grain size. When the grain size measures 13 μm, the alloy can achieve a yield strength ...
This change was attributed to the increased formation of martensite and decreased presence of austenite after quenching at 900 °C, and a significant reduction in grain size. The essence of this novel cyclic approach lies in achieving blocky and fine-grained austenite, which enhances instability and...
expressing areas (Fig.1e, Supplementary Fig.1m). By fractionating TCM, we found that both < 3KDa and >3KDa fractions could suppress PCB (Supplementary Fig.1n). Together, these data suggest that multiple factors derived from tumor contributes to the reduction of PCB in TAMs under hypoxic ...
at 300 K and 10−3 s−1(as marked by the red point), the CRSS is ~70 MPa. Experimentally measured CRSS is ~69 ± 3 MPa for single-crystal NiCoCr MEA55(axialyield strength of polycrystals can be above 270 MPa16,28,44,56, but there some grain size strengthening is...
the alloys exhibited significant reduction in the precipitate sizes, narrow transformation hysteresis, uniform distribution of microhardness, and substantial improvement in mechanical properties. With the increase of the aging temperature, the matrix grain size and the precipitate size coarsened, which was ...
The strengthening mechanisms of the AlN/Al composites in this work should be mainly grain refinement strengthening and HDI stress strengthening [9]. According to the Hall-Petch relation, the relation between yield stress and grain size can be concluded by [29], [30]σy=σ0+kD−1/2where ...
As a result, it can be seen that the equivalent strain exerted by ASR is greater than that from SR when the rolled plate bears the identical reduction. Thus, the deformation degree of the ASR-steel is larger than that of the SR-steel, and the grain refinement degree is significantly obvio...