U-bolts have primarily been used to support pipework, pipes which fluids and gasses pass through. As such, U-bolts were measured using pipe work engineering speak. A U-bolt would be described by the size of pipe it was supporting. For example, a 40 Nomi...
Two ends of the test specimen (each 75 mm long) were gripped by the hydraulic jaws of the testing machine. One specimen cut from each test panel (Fig. 3a) was used for the microstructure analysis of the parent, HAZ, and weld materials. The specimen's surface was polished using sand...