of reports regarding nanosystem-aided delivery, here, we examine the development of STING agonists, especially for non-CDNs and their delivery specifically by conjugation strategy, with a focus on the STING agonists in clinical trials and current challenges of their potential in cancer immunotherapy....
Another promising strategy is the direct activation of STING, with numerous STING agonists currently under developed for cancer immunotherapy [21]. Regrettably, both strategies encounter inevitable obstacles in practical application, which significantly limit their clinical efficacy. First, their in vivo ...
Table 2 STING agonists in clinical trials Full size table STING-non-CDN agonists A growing body of evidence showed the pharmacological function of non-CDN agents in cGAS-STING activation. The initiated agonist targeting the STING pathway is dimethyloxoxanthenyl acetic acid (DMXAA) [48]. Actually...
promote the accumulation of cytoDNA and how nanocarriers improve the delivery of STING agonists. We explored the different mechanisms behind cytoplasmic dsDNA production, organizing the research into categories such as exogenous dsDNA delivery, chemotherapy, RT, and nanodynamic therapies, along with other...
Activating interferon responses with STING agonists (STINGa) is a current cancer immunotherapy strategy, and therapeutic modalities that enable tumor-targeted delivery via systemic administration could be beneficial. Here we demonstrate that tumor cell-directed STING agonist antibody-drug-conjugates (STINGa...
Pre-clinical grade STING agonists for ADC. Available in two formats: "pre-linked" or "click-chemistry compatible" for a flexible choice of linker.
Therefore, such STING agonists in clinical trials will need to be assessed for their roles in triggering necroptosis without extensive secondary effects. This conclusion is reinforced by the observation that necroptotic rather than apoptotic cell death is efficient in DC-mediated cross-priming of CD8...
Currently, the cGAS-STING pathway has demonstrated great potential in overcoming drug resistance and enhancing anti-tumor immunity, which can be activated by STING agonists or drugs related to the activation pathway, thus playing an important role in immunotherapy. When ICB therapy is employed in pat...
Table 1. The clinical development of STING agonists in lung cancer. Compound typeSTING agonistRoute of deliveryIndicationCombinationClinical trial phaseResults/stateClinical trial NCT Code DMXAA DMXAA Intravenous injection aNSCLC, second line Docetaxel Phase III Terminated NCT00738387 aNSCLC, first line Pa...
and delivery methods remain obstacles to their broader clinical use. Ongoing research and innovation are essential to overcoming these hurdles. STING agonists could play a transformative role in cancer treatment, particularly for patients with hard-to-treat malignancies, by harnessing the body’s immune...