Additionally, both vehicle systems should be designed with low weight by using optimal geometry and lightweight materials to reduce the transmitted shocks to the chassis, long fatigue life and low cost. Suspension and steering systems depend on a wide set of parameters that affect the orientation ...
At the first turn of the steering wheel, it becomes clear what is new here: this Tesla comes with steer-by-wire and counter-rotating rear-axle steering. Steer-by-wire means that there is no longer a mechanical linkage between the steering wheel and the front axle. The steering ...
In the US design philosophy, balancing axle brake loads according to gross axle weight ratings (GAWR) is considered to be the general practice. The dynamic braking force distributions among the various axles in the US and European designs are very different. Radlinski’s studies may provide valua...
When the actual yaw rate of the vehicle deviates from the reference yaw rate obtained by the vehicle reference model and the slip steering ratio, the yaw moment controller is actuated to determine the yaw moment demand for vehicle steering. In the lower-level layer, there is a torque ...
The design begins by considering the performance of a baseline controller with a lookahead feedback scheme and a feed- forward algorithm based on a nonlinear vehicle handling diagram. While this initial design exhibits desirable stability properties at the limits of handling, the steady-state path ...
3, each bogie 12 has two motor driven wheels 5 on an axle 32. Each wheel 5 is driven by a separate hydraulic motor 35, but can be driven in any suitable manner. The velocity and steering of the vehicle 10 is controlled by independently controlling the velocity of the motor driven ...
9. Steering gear according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the bracket (11) comprises a pedestal (20) , a cantilever axle (23) secured to the pedestal, and a support member (24) which is removably secured to the portion of the axle projecting from the pedestal (...
Resultant normal reactions of the support surface acting on the steered wheel, in the presence of kingpin inclinations, create a weight-aligning torque [1,2,10]. To rotate the steered wheel about the kingpin axis in static state, it is necessary to overcome the steering resistance torque ...
Since the loader is a large inertial load, there is a large impact after the beginning of steering, and the impact of the left and right steering limits the block. At the beginning of the steering, the impact pressure reaches the overflow pressure of the steering safety valve, and the ...
The boundary conditions for the first limit state are defined in Figure 12 (mass of the electric motor 41.4 kg, mass of the control electronics 23 kg, mass of the batteries 23 kg, mass of the rider 130 kg, mass of the steering wheel and steering mechanism 15 kg, front axle load 20 ...