I try to minimize use of math (beyond the very elementary) in initial explanations, instead focusing on conceptual description and interpretation. I introduce regression very early on (Ch. 3) so that students (especially PhD students) can quickly get started on their term papers and better under...
AP Statistics Project Ideas Biometry Definition, Applications & Examples Interpreting Health-Related Data What is Statistics? Statistics is the term used in mathematics to describe the study numerical data collection, organization, and interpretation. Regardless of the group size, statistics requires analyti...
3. Logic The middle term in a syllogism. 4. means(used with a sing. or pl. verb) A method, a course of action, or an instrument by which an act can be accomplished or an end achieved. 5. means(used with a pl. verb) a. Money, property, or other wealth: You ought to live ...
In calculus, when an author uses the term “divisor function”, it usually refers to a function by which another function is divided. However, there are specific types of divisor functions used mainly in number theory, including the Dirichlet and summatory divisor functions. 1. Divisor Function ...
($x₀, $L, $k, $x); // Sigmoid function $t = 2; $sigmoid = Special::sigmoid($t); // Softmax function $𝐳 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3]; $σ⟮𝐳⟯ⱼ = Special::softmax($𝐳); // Log of the error term in the Stirling-De Moivre factorial series $err = ...
The term bias refers to the difference between the estimated value and the actual population value. In other words, the statistic is a biased estimator if it overestimates or underestimates the population parameter. The more deviation between these values, the greater the bias. For example, a ...
MathSciNet MATH Google Scholar Kass, R. E. & Raftery, A. E. Bayes factors. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 90, 773–795 (1995). This article provides an extensive discussion of Bayes factors with several examples. MathSciNet MATH Google Scholar Bousquet, N. Diagnostics of prior–data agreement...
Could some give an examples of "a set of distributions indexed by a parameter"? This post says: The log-likelihood is, as the term suggests, the natural logarithm of the likelihood. In turn, given a sample and a parametric family of distributions (i.e., a set of distributions indexed ...
The term "individual" doesn't always mean a person in statistics. An individual is a single entity in the group being studied. There's no real way to gather data on all the great white sharks in the ocean, which is a population. Finding and tagging each one isn't feasible. Marine bio...
(4) and we describe their precise relation in theSupplementary Information. The second equation in equation (5) is known in the literature as the constant Yang–Baxter equation (YBE)21,22,23, whose solutions are calledRmatrices. In Table1, we present some basic examples ofRmatrices and we ...