theαparticle (Z = N = 2) forms a building block, and some nuclei can be composed ofαparticles. In such cases,Z = N = 2iholds withibeing an integer, and the mass numberA = Z + Nbecomes equal to ...
Necessary diversification of battery chemistry and related cell design call for investigation of more exotic materials and configurations, such as solid-state potassium batteries. In the core of their development lies the necessity of discovering new and
The second is a continuum description [1], in which lipid membranes are treated as liquid-crystalline materials, so that molecular information is relinquished in favor of material properties [13], [14]. The two avenues do not conflict or compete with each other—rather they end up at the ...
Under a Creative Commons license open accessAbstract Common energy-intensive processes applied in oral solid dosage development, such as milling, sieving, blending, compaction, etc. generate particles with surface and bulk crystal disorder. An intriguing aspect of the generated crystal disorder is its ...
In the research field of robotic spine surgery, there is a big upcoming momentum for surgeon-like autonomous behaviour and surgical accuracy in robotics which goes beyond the standard engineering notions such as geometric precision. The objective of this review is to present an overview of the sta...
whereaandbare the Cartesian components;Ω0Ω0is the volume of the atoms;𝐹𝑖𝑗Fijis the force exerted by atomjon atomi;𝑟𝑖𝑗rijis the vector component form of the relative position from atomjto atomi;𝑀𝑖Miis the mass of atomi;and𝜐𝑖υiis the velocity of atomi. The hydr...
Plasma, in physics, an electrically conducting medium in which there are roughly equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles, produced when the atoms in a gas become ionized. It is sometimes referred to as the fourth state of matter, dis
Calculations of the state density in the framework of the method presented here continue . The dependence of the state density on the excitation energy, the angular momentum / in spherical nuclei and on the projection K in deformed nuclei is being studied. The role of the collective states in...
Neutron stars provide a unique laboratory with which to study cold, dense matter. The observational quantities of primary astrophysics interest are the maximum mass and the typical radius of a neutron star. These quantities are related to the relative stiffness of neutron-rich matter at supernuclear...
The atomic structure of crystals is determined experimentally by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the magnetic structure of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic substances—that is, the orientation of the magnetic moments of atoms—is determined by neutron diffraction analysis. A complete knowledge of the ...