Another commonly used approach for the estimation of battery SOC is the voltage-based method [5], where the value of SOC is determined based on a voltage-SOC lookup table. However, voltage-based methods are not very suitable for Li-ion batteries because of their flat plateau of discharge ...
The latter is evaluated by means of an empirical lookup table with speed (ωMG) and torque (TMG) as independent variables. Retaining the sign of PMG as exponent in the denominator allows capturing both depleting and charging battery conditions within Energies 2022, 15, 1665 6 of 25 this ...