Although some nation-states have been formed by polity-seeking national movements, others have formed when existing polities were nationalized—i.e., transformed into nation-states—either because theocrats or monarchscededauthority to parliaments (as inBritainand France) or because empires retreated or...
2. the territory occupied by such a community 3. the sphere of power in such a community 4. one of a number of areas or communities having their own governments and forming a federation under a sovereign government, as in the US 5. the body politic of a particular sovereign power,...
(WTO), and theEuropean Union(EU)—and sovereignty was increasingly exercised on behalf of the peoples of the world not only by national governments but also by regional and international organizations. Thus, the theory of divided sovereignty, first developed in federal states, began to be ...
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the principle of "cutting personnel, raising efficiency and unifying thinking". He prompted governments at all levels to transform their functions, introduce a democratic and scientific decision-making mechanism, always keep to administration by law and subject themselves to the supervision by the ...
Local governments and local branches of the SASAC also undertake shareholding functions in the SOEs.Footnote 54 SOEs under local control and supervision are often referred to as local state-owned enterprises (LSOEs).Footnote 55 In order to reduce the role of government in promoting SOE reform, th...
In other cases, by contrast, governments and bureaucrats have looted the economic wealth of their own societies, impeding economic progress and ensuring the transfer of this wealth to incompetent and ineffective leaders. In yet, other cases, state –led development has yielded mixed results; the ...
Therefore, the functionality of the state is similar to that of other state governments; it has exclusive authority over matters that fall within the state's boundaries, including state law with limitations imposed by the United States Constitution. Annapolis, the state capital, serves as the ...
This paper examines the divergence of interest between universities and state governments concerning standards for admitting in-state versus out-of-state students. We find that public universities set lower minimum admission standards for in-state than out-of-state applicants, presumably in response to...
The NPC Standing Committee has made and adopted the Yangtze River conservation law; governments at all levels have been implementing a 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River; procuratorial and judicial organs have launched a severe crackdown on illegal sand mining and fishing in accordance with ...