E. (1982). Biological meaning of stage and grade in hurgan breast cancer: review and hypothesis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat ., 2 , 299–322Sharkey FE. Biological meaning of stage and grade in human breast cancer: Review and hypothesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1982; 2: 299-322....
However, radiotherapy after BCS has been underused,16,17 and a recent study18 found that the proportion of women receiving inappropriate primary breast cancer treatments is increasing in the United States. There is also evidence suggesting that treatment choices may vary by race and ethnicity. One ...
Stage 4 is also called metastatic breast cancer.7Rather than being confined to the breast and nearby lymph nodes, the cancer has traveled to other organs. It may also be a recurrence of breast cancer that has spread to other areas. Common sites of metastasesinclude the lungs, skin, bones, ...
In breast cancer, immunohistochemistry (IHC) subtypes, together with grade and stage, are well-known independent predictors of breast cancer death. Given the immense changes in breast cancer treatment and survival over time, we used recent population-based data to test the combined influence of IHC...
We tested the feasibility of limited surgery with limited irradiation using interstitial brachytherapy to the tumor bed in a selected group of patients with stage I breast cancer in a phase II trial. Methods. Women aged 55 years or older with low or intermediate grade stage I tumors were ...
Discussion Second opinions may substantially affect a breast cancer treatment plan. Recent studies30-33 have focused on second opinions provided by one clinician to another: for example, indications that discordant reads in pathology and radiology reports change treatment in 10% to 25% of cases. Tum...
One of the most common anomalies in advanced coloncancer is the LOH of DCC in region 18q21 (Fig. 8.4). The elimination of DCC is not considered to be a major genetic change in the development of tumors, but one of many alterations that can facilitate existing tumor growth (Zauber, ...
Although Ki-67 is a commonly used measure of cellular proliferation in breast cancer tissue, its utility as a biomarker for helping to guide therapy decisions has been clouded by technical and clinical questions. However, recent efforts to develop a framework for analyzing Ki-67 and data from ...
We included in imputation models survival, tumour histological grade, basis of diagnosis (that is, whether the diagnosis was verified with histology or not), Primary Care Trust and oestrogen receptor status (breast cancer imputation models only) in addition to all the variables used in the ...
For an individual lesion, DCIS breast-conserving therapy is an option, but if there are multiple DCIS lesions, doing multiple lumpectomies can be difficult. That’s where one could consider mastectomy,” said Bardia, an attending physician at Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and an ass...