Explain why firms should not shut down in the short run until price falls below average variable cost. Suppose your economics professor publicly states that she grades on a curve (i.e., the top 10% of What explanations have economists offered for why firms don't raise prices when doing so...
Money creation affects almost every aspect of our lives, and is directly connected to almost all public policy, including public and private debt levels, house prices, and rising inequality, but it’s very poorly understood. A recent poll found that 7 out of 10 MPs believed that only the go...
money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability.[1][2] The official goals usually include relatively stable prices and low unemployment. Monetary economics provides ins 货币政策是国家金钱当局控制金钱供应的过程,经常瞄准利率为促进经济增长的目的,并且...
Leading experts on monetary theory and policy gathered to examine the Fed's behavior, the adverse effects of erratic money, and the importance of monetary reform for achieving the monetary stability that is necessary for the smooth operation of markets and prices. Reform proposals ranged from ...
Digital Twins Definition Language ontology for Energy Grid - A global standard for energy grid assets management, power system operations modeling and physical energy commodity market. SIMONA - Provides a simulation toolbox to run and implement large-scale agent-based electricity grid simulations with ...
3. Economics and Finance: Stable diffusion models are utilized in financial markets to predict stock price movements, exchange rates, and asset prices. By studying the stability of diffusion in these contexts, analysts can make informed investmentdecisions and manage risk effectively. 4. Biological Sy...
Our model provides an alternative to solve the conundrum. Under the hood, Rogers’ result comes from the prevalence-independence of the fitness of individual learning strategies. Since by definition strategies have identical fitness at equilibrium, the system is bound to have the same fitness as an...
Had the company decided to come out with the IPO instead of withdrawing, the investors would still have paid the expensive prices for the shares on offer. Atleast in this case, the company withdrew its application. But in most cases, companies go ahead with their overpriced IPOs. Why say ...
Definition 3 (Edge-strength shift) An edge-strength shift in edge X→VX→V corresponds to a change in the natural direct effect: for Y=pa(V)⧹XY=pa(V)⧹X we have that E[V(x′,Y(x))−V(x)]E[V(x′,Y(x))−V(x)] changes, where V(x)V(x) is the counterfactual val...
Martin Wolf’s (chief economics commentator at the Financial Times) “structurally deficient aggregate demand” is incremental (Alvin Hansen’s 1938 chronic condition of “sagging investment & buoyant savings”). Thus, the excess of savings over investment outlets will continue. And bond prices will...