White Spruce (sanded) White Spruce (sealed) White Spruce (endgrain) White Spruce (endgrain 10x) Subscribe new follow-up commentsnew replies to my comments {}[+] {}[+] 6Comments Paris Custer 6 years ago
Pine, spruce and fir are grouped together for the applications calling for softwood lumber. Pine and spruce are so closely related in strength and uses with fir that they are often milled, distributed and marketed generically as spruce-pine-fir, or SP&F. Hard Comparisons, Pine and Spruce Pine...
The efficient use of softwood in biorefineries is hampered by its recalcitrance to enzymatic saccharification. In the present study, the fungus Thermothielavioides terrestris LPH172 was cultivated on three steam-pretreated spruce materials (STEX180°C/auto, STEX210°C/auto, and STEX210°C/H2SO4...
GATK based Variant Quality Score Recalibration (VQSR) method was performed in order to avoid the use of hard filtering for exome/sequence capture data. For the VQSR analysis, two datasets were created: a training file and an input file. The training dataset was derived from a Norway spruce g...
We were able to test the hypothesis that tensile elongation of softwood cell walls is resisted by non-cellulosic polymers bridging between microfibrils or, more likely, between macrofibrils. Viscous slippage of hemicellulose bridges (considered then to lie between microfibrils rather than between macr...
hydrolyzedandsubsequentlyfermentedtoethanoloranaerobicallydigestedtobiogas.In general,thepretreatmentwasmoresuccessfulforbothethanolandbiogasproduction fromthehardwoodbirchthanthesoftwoodspruce.Thepretreatmentresultedin significantreductionofhemicelluloseandthecrystallinityofcellulose,whichmightbe ...
When lignin undergoes decomposition, particularly through chemical processes like oxidation or thermal degradation, it breaks down into a variety of smaller, more complex molecules. These molecules include phenolic compounds, quinones and other aromatic structures. The dark coloration observed in the liquid...
FTIR-ATR spectroscopic analyses of changes in wood properties during particle and fibreboard production of hard and softwood trees. BioResources 2009, 4, 49–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Esteves, B.; Velez Marques, A.; Domingos, I.; Pereira, H. Chemical changes of heat treated Pine and...
Fracture behaviour of softwood. Mech. Mater. 2003, 35, 803–815. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Ayatollahi, M.R.; Torabi, A.R. Investigation of mixed mode brittle fracture in rounded-tip V-notched components. Eng. Fract. Mech. 2010, 77, 3087–3104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Torabi...
In this technique, the wood is burned with naked flame or a heated iron pad and the result is said to be practically maintenance-free and last for decades. Thermal degradation of wood is a complex set of overlapping reactions. Generally, an endotherm characterizing the evaporation of water can...