Spread plate technique is the method of isolation and enumeration of microorganisms in a mixed culture and distributing it evenly. The technique makes it easier to quantify bacteria in a solution. Principle of Spread Plate Technique The spread plate technique involves using a sterilized spreader with ...
We determined the concentration of the phage using the double-layer plate method57 and diluted the phage solution to a concentration of 108 in PBS. For the surface-associated growth experiments, we mixed the R388 donor and potential recipient at a ratio of one (cell number:cell number) and ...
While RAPD is a simple typing method, a typing method with more resolution might have given a better resolution that may have enabled a better differentiation of the strains. Performing a typing method such as MLST on selected RAPD clusters would strengthen the current results. However, the ...
neoformans in the nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract, and there has been speculation that this presents a possible method of dispersal (28–34), especially in relation to birds. A prior study suggested that koalas may also seed new environments with C. gattii but did not genotype isolates ...
young animals may not properly respond to vaccines (Hoelzer et al.,2018). In addition, vaccine is not effective against pathogens that can avoid the host are resistant to host immune. Nevertheless, the vaccination is still one promising method to reduce the antibiotic use for food-producing anim...
Notably, both reduced environmental contact and reduced social contact are common aspects of urban lifestyles. These forms of isolation may independently disrupt the transmission networks of human microbiota51, reflected by the observations that urban lifestyles are linked with a range of immune disorders...
7, 11, 12 This method does not allow for a direct comparison of sites contaminated per unit surface area, but it is more reflective of exposure potential, which is the primary concern of this study. Viral loads from seeded sites were not significantly reduced with cleaning and disinfection ...
The present invention is a fixed frame; ; A moving plate installed on the fixed frame to be movable in the front and rear directions; ;\nThe moving plate includes a forward and backward motor fixedly mounted on the moving plate, a pinion gear directly connected to the forward and backward...
Intracellular pathogens are challenged with limited space and resources while replicating in a single host cell. Mechanisms for direct invasion of neighboring host cells have been discovered in cell culture, but we lack an understanding of how bacteria d
The method relies on PCR amplification of ApoE gene sequences that encompass amino acid positions 112 and 158, followed by CfoI cleavage of amplified DNA and separation of the resulting digestion fragments by gel electrophoresis. The following primers were used: 5′-GAGAAGCTTGCGGCGCAGGCCCGGCTGGG...