Beginning on Jun 18 codling moth damage (stings and entries) was assessed as for plum curculios, tarnished plant bugs and fruitworms. When the fruit began to drop the fallen apples were collected and examined for codling moth injury (Table 3). Maintenance spraying was primarily for suppression...
Time of flight (TOF) is a parameter that measures the time it takes for an acoustic wave to propagate a certain distance in a medium. TOF is overly sensitive to defects in trees. By measuring the TOF of acoustic waves, ultrasonic transducers can effectively detect insect pests in a tree ...