Multiple logistic regression analysis identified radiographic lumbar spondylosis (KL≥3) at L3/4, L4/5 and L5/S1 was associated with low back pain, independent of age, BMI and stiffness index. Severe lumbar spondylosis at the middle or lower level may contribute to low back pain....
Cervical spondylosis is a ubiquitous degenerative process of the aging spine that begins at the intervertebral disc and results in reactive changes that can lead to compression of the spinal cord or exiting nerve roots. From: Benzel's Spine Surgery, 2-Volume Set (Fourth Edition), 2017 ...
Dimar JR, Glassman SD, Burkus KJ, Carreon LY (2006) Clinical outcomes and fusion success at 2 years of single-level instrumented posterolateral fusions with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/compression resistant matrix versus iliac crest bone graft. Spine 31:2534–9; discussion 2540 A...
• L3-L4 disk reveals diffuse posterior bulge compressing thecal sac without neural compression. • L4-L5 dick reveals broad based posterocentral protrusion compressing thecal sac and bilateral L5 nerve root.Facetal arthropathy and ligamentum flavum thickening is noted at this level, contributing to...