Sixty four percent occur in the thoracolumbar (low back) region, often at T12-L1. There are numerous classifications for fractures. In general, spine fractures fall into three categories:Fractures: when more pressure is put on a bone than it can stand, it will break. The most common type ...
(e.g., fracture, spinal cord injury, spinal stenosis, and nerve root compromise), cancer, systematic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), any spinal surgery, joint replacement surgery, other joint surgery within the past 6 months (e.g., arthroscopies), and fibromyalgia. ...
The mean declivity at T12 is 25掳. (3) In the thoracic curve group, the segmental sagittal tilt is significantly less than that in the control group at each of T10-L1. The mean declivity at T12 is 17掳. A more vertical T12 is associated with a larger Cobb angle. (4) The ...
Fig. 1. (a) T2 weighted image of cervical spine showing a fracture at C6/C7 along with reterolithiasis of C7 causing impingement of the cord at that level. (b) T2 weighted image of thoracolumbar spine showing a fracture at T11/T12 inter-vertebral disc, slight epidural haematoma noted that...
most common primary SCI mechanism is direct cord trauma, followed by persistent compression from space-occupying pathologies like vertebral fractures, malignancies, hematomas, and abscesses. Hyperextension injuries typically result from transient compression rather than impact alone, unlike fracture-...
Subject 4 had had an internal fixation of her mid-thoracic vertebral fracture and so it was necessary to pass the electrode rostrally at around T7 and advance it to T3 level before stimulation. At this level she had sensation in the chest on both sides and at the base of the spine but...
the levels of estrogen decrease, and bone resorption occurs at a greater rate than bone formation. Women require hormone replacement and vitamin D supplements to prevent bone fracture. The pathology is known as osteoporosis, and this can take place in the vertebrae leading to vertebral compression ...
They achieved this by anticoagulating on admission those patients that they considered to be at risk-initially patients with a fracture of the femoral neck. But they subsequently enlarged their experience and anticoagulated other patients with major injuries. However, they considered that the presence...
An injury to the spinal cord occurs when sufficient force causes the cord to be compressed, lacerated or stretched and may be associated with a fracture or fracture-dislocation of the vertebral column and displacement of the intervertebral disks. These injuries are often the consequence of sudden ...
the spinal cord generally is somewhat oval in shape, wider in its transverse diameter, especially in its uppermost portions and at the cervical and lumbar enlargements. Below the level of T12 the substance of the cord tapers rapidly, forming the conically shaped conus medullaris (Fig. 82-1)....