caused by contraction or tensing of the thyroarytenoid (vocalis) muscles during speech. This results in a characteristic voice disorder in which patients speak in an effortful, strained, and staccato pattern wit
What is spasmodic dysphonia? Spasmodic dysphonia is a voice disorder caused by the excessive tension in the laryngeal muscles. Individuals with spasmodic dysphonia have breaking voices and face difficulty to start and continue communication. Spasmodic dysphonia causes a problem in muscle tension ...
Oromandibular dystonia can take a variety of forms, including forced tongue protrusion and jaw opening or closing, often with dysarthria and dysphagia. Spasmodic dysphonia is due to involuntary contraction of laryngeal muscles. Meige syndrome is blepharospasm with oromandibular dystonia. Writer’s cramp...